Clostridium perfringens toxinotype NEW

@article{pmid33843463,

title = {Pathogenicity and virulence of Clostridium perfringens},

author = {Iman Mehdizadeh Gohari and Mauricio A Navarro and Jihong Li and Archana Shrestha and Francisco Uzal and Bruce A McClane},

doi = {10.1080/21505594.2021.1886777},

issn = {2150-5608},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

urldate = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Virulence},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {723--753},

abstract = {Clostridium perfringens is an extremely versatile pathogen of humans and livestock, causing wound infections like gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), enteritis/enterocolitis (including one of the most common human food-borne illnesses), and enterotoxemia (where toxins produced in the intestine are absorbed and damage distant organs such as the brain). The virulence of this Gram-positive, spore-forming, anaerobe is largely attributable to its copious toxin production; the diverse actions and roles in infection of these toxins are now becoming established. Most  toxin genes are encoded on conjugative plasmids, including the pCW3-like and the recently discovered pCP13-like plasmid families. Production of  toxins is highly regulated via processes involving two-component regulatory systems, quorum sensing and/or sporulation-related alternative sigma factors. Non-toxin factors, such as degradative enzymes like sialidases, are also now being implicated in the pathogenicity of this bacterium. These factors can promote toxin action  and, perhaps , and also enhance  intestinal colonization, e.g. NanI sialidase increases  adherence to intestinal tissue and generates nutrients for its growth, at least . The possible virulence contributions of many other factors, such as adhesins, the capsule and biofilms, largely await future study.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid28209206,

title = {Rethinking the role of alpha toxin in Clostridium perfringens-associated enteric diseases: a review on bovine necro-haemorrhagic enteritis},

author = {Evy Goossens and Bonnie R Valgaeren and Bart Pardon and Freddy Haesebrouck and Richard Ducatelle and Piet R Deprez and Filip Van Immerseel},

doi = {10.1186/s13567-017-0413-x},

issn = {1297-9716},

year  = {2017},

date = {2017-02-01},

urldate = {2017-02-01},

journal = {Vet Res},

volume = {48},

number = {1},

pages = {9},

abstract = {Bovine necro-haemorrhagic enteritis is an economically important disease caused by Clostridium perfringens type A strains. The disease mainly affects calves under intensive rearing conditions and is characterized by sudden death associated with small intestinal haemorrhage, necrosis and mucosal neutrophil infiltration. The common assumption that, when causing intestinal disease, C. perfringens relies upon specific, plasmid-encoded toxins, was recently challenged by the finding that alpha toxin, which is produced by all C. perfringens strains, is essential for necro-haemorrhagic enteritis. In addition to alpha toxin, other C. perfringens toxins and/or enzymes might contribute to the pathogenesis of necro-haemorrhagic enteritis. These additional virulence factors might contribute to breakdown of the protective mucus layer during initial stage of pathogenesis, after which alpha toxin, either or not in synergy with other toxins such as perfringolysin O, can act on the mucosal tissue. Furthermore, alpha toxin alone does not cause intestinal necrosis, indicating that other virulence factors might be needed to cause the extensive tissue necrosis observed in necro-haemorrhagic enteritis. This review summarizes recent research that has increased our understanding of the pathogenesis of bovine necro-haemorrhagic enteritis and provides information that is indispensable for the development of novel control strategies, including vaccines.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}