ALT (GPT) - Foie-voies biliaires

Synonymes

ALAT, alanine aminotransférase
(S)GPT, (serum) glutamaat-pyruvaat transaminase
EC 2.6.1.2

Physiologie

L’alanine aminotransférase catalyse le transfert du groupe alpha-amino de l’alanine à l’oxoglutarate avec production de pyruvate et de glutamate. L’ALT se retrouve principalement dans le cytoplasme (et seulement en petites quantités dans les mitochondries). Pour une activité optimale, comme l’AST, cet enzyme nécessite le cofacteur P5P.

Spécificité

L’ALT est présent dans le tissu hépatique, musculaire (coeur et squelettique), rénale et les globules rouges.
L’ALT est assez spécifique pour le foie chez le chien chat, furet, et primates. A un moindre degré chez le lapin et les rongeurs.
Le tissu hépatique chez des grandes herbivores et porcine contient une activité enzymatique faible limitant l’utilité.
L’ALT est peu spécifique pour le foie aviaire et reptilien.

Sensibilité

Haute pour l’inflammation, la nécrose, la lipidose et le néoplasme primaire hépatique.
Plus faible pour la congestion, le néoplasme métastique ou les anomalies vasculaires portosystémique.

Espèces et références

Bovin

5 - 18

U/L

Chat

<109

U/L

Chien

<117

U/L

Chèvre

<52

U/L

Dauphin

U/L

Furet

<120

U/L

Lapin

<70

U/L

Mouton

<44

U/L

Oiseau

U/L

Phoque

U/L

Porc

19 - 76

U/L

Reptile

U/L

Caractéristiques

Abbréviation

ALT

Catégorie

Foie-voies biliaires

LOINC

1744-2

Méthode

UV with P5P - IFCC Ref. Proc., Calibrated

Délai

le même jour

Prélèvement

Sérum

EDTA plasma

Li-Héparinisé plasma

* = préférence

Mis à jour le 30 octobre 2025 à 00:02

Références

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Venn-Watson S, Smith C, Jensen E. Assessment of increased serum aminotransferases in a managed Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population. J Wildl Dis. 2008;44(2):318-330. [PubMed]

Fauquier D, Mazet J, Gulland F, Spraker T, Christopher M. Distribution of tissue enzymes in three species of pinnipeds. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2008;39(1):1-5. [PubMed]

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Montalvo V, Cruz M, Ahmad I, et al. Hepatitis E virus in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Dis Aquat Organ. 2017;123(1):13-18. [PubMed]

Récement sur pubmed

Chien

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Myburgh, EC, Goddard, A. The effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on serum alanine aminotransferase activity in dogs suffering from canine babesiosis. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2009;76 (3):327-33. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v76i3.38. PubMed PMID:21105601 .
Noguchi, T, Okuno, E, Takada, Y, Minatogawa, Y, Okai, K, Kido, R et al.. Characteristics of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase in different mammalian species. Biochem J. 1978;169 (1):113-22. doi: 10.1042/bj1690113. PubMed PMID:629740 PubMed Central PMC1184200.
Okuno, E, Minatogawa, Y, Nakanishi, J, Nakamura, M, Kamoda, N, Makino, M et al.. The subcellular distribution of alanine-glyoxylate aminotransferase and serine-pyruvate aminotransferase in dog liver. Biochem J. 1979;182 (3):877-9. doi: 10.1042/bj1820877. PubMed PMID:518570 PubMed Central PMC1161423.

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