ALT (GPT) - Foie-voies biliaires

Synonymes

ALAT, alanine aminotransférase
(S)GPT, (serum) glutamaat-pyruvaat transaminase
EC 2.6.1.2

Physiologie

L’alanine aminotransférase catalyse le transfert du groupe alpha-amino de l’alanine à l’oxoglutarate avec production de pyruvate et de glutamate. L’ALT se retrouve principalement dans le cytoplasme (et seulement en petites quantités dans les mitochondries). Pour une activité optimale, comme l’AST, cet enzyme nécessite le cofacteur P5P.

Spécificité

L’ALT est présent dans le tissu hépatique, musculaire (coeur et squelettique), rénale et les globules rouges.
L’ALT est assez spécifique pour le foie chez le chien chat, furet, et primates. A un moindre degré chez le lapin et les rongeurs.
Le tissu hépatique chez des grandes herbivores et porcine contient une activité enzymatique faible limitant l’utilité.
L’ALT est peu spécifique pour le foie aviaire et reptilien.

Sensibilité

Haute pour l’inflammation, la nécrose, la lipidose et le néoplasme primaire hépatique.
Plus faible pour la congestion, le néoplasme métastique ou les anomalies vasculaires portosystémique.

Espèces et références

Bovin

5 - 18

U/L

Chat

<109

U/L

Chien

<117

U/L

Chèvre

<52

U/L

Dauphin

U/L

Furet

<120

U/L

Lapin

<70

U/L

Mouton

<44

U/L

Oiseau

U/L

Phoque

U/L

Porc

19 - 76

U/L

Reptile

U/L

Caractéristiques

Abbréviation

ALT

Catégorie

Foie-voies biliaires

LOINC

1744-2

Méthode

UV without P5P

Délai

le même jour

Prélèvement

Sérum

EDTA plasma

Li-Héparinisé plasma

* = préférence

Mis à jour le 9 janvier 2023 à 01:00

Références

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Sorensen K, Venn-Watson S, Ridgway S. Trace and non-trace elements in blood cells of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus): variations with values from liver function indicators. J Wildl Dis. 2008;44(2):304-317. [PubMed]

Venn-Watson S, Smith C, Jensen E. Assessment of increased serum aminotransferases in a managed Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) population. J Wildl Dis. 2008;44(2):318-330. [PubMed]

Fauquier D, Mazet J, Gulland F, Spraker T, Christopher M. Distribution of tissue enzymes in three species of pinnipeds. J Zoo Wildl Med. 2008;39(1):1-5. [PubMed]

Jerry Kaneko J, W. Harvey J, L. Bruss M. Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. Academic Press; 2008.

Quesenberry K, W. Carpenter J. Ferrets, Rabbits and Rodents - E-Book. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2011.

Montalvo V, Cruz M, Ahmad I, et al. Hepatitis E virus in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus. Dis Aquat Organ. 2017;123(1):13-18. [PubMed]

Récement sur pubmed

Chien

Myburgh, EC, Goddard, A. The effect of pyridoxal-5-phosphate on serum alanine aminotransferase activity in dogs suffering from canine babesiosis. Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 2009;76 (3):327-33. doi: 10.4102/ojvr.v76i3.38. PubMed PMID:21105601 .
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Trumel, C, Diquélou, A, Germain, C, Palanché, F, Braun, JP. Comparison of measurements of canine plasma creatinine, glucose, proteins, urea, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase obtained with Spotchem SP 4430 and Vitros 250 analyzers. Res Vet Sci. 2005;79 (3):183-9. doi: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2004.12.001. PubMed PMID:16054888 .
Valentine, BA, Blue, JT, Shelley, SM, Cooper, BJ. Increased serum alanine aminotransferase activity associated with muscle necrosis in the dog. J Vet Intern Med. 1990;4 (3):140-3. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1990.tb00886.x. PubMed PMID:2366222 .
de Schepper, J, van der Stock, J, Capiau, E. The characteristic pattern of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase in the bitch with the cystic hyperplasia-pyometra complex: effect of medical or surgical treatment. Vet Res Commun. 1987;11 (1):65-75. doi: 10.1007/BF00361327. PubMed PMID:3472412 .

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